Retention of cosmogenic 3He in calcite     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2015

Cosmogenic ³He can be used to date a wide range of mineral phases because it is produced from all target elements and can be readily measured above atmospheric contamination. Calcite is a particularly attractive target mineral due to its natural abundance, large crystal size (>1 mm), and low He closure temperature (<70 °C), which limit non-cosmogenic ³He components (Copeland et al., 2007). However, several recent studies have shown that some calcite may not be retentive to helium, even under surface temperatures (Cros et al., 2014; Copeland et al., 2007). This study thus explores ³He retention and production in natural calcite samples at four different sites. Samples from two high elevation sites appear retentive to ³He over 10 kyr timescales, whereas two additional sites clearly suffer from diffusive loss of ³He. Step-degassing experiments suggest that diffusion in calcite is controlled by multiple diffusion domains, with an apparent activation energy of 25–27 kcal mol⁻¹. Although minor ³He loss is expected from the smallest diffusion domains, the observed kinetics cannot explain the poor retention at all sites. We thus propose that opaque (non-transparent) calcite may be more retentive due to the presence of imperfections in the crystal lattice. We conclude that ³He dating of calcite shows promise in some settings. However, because retention depends on crystallographic variability it must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis until robust criteria for retention can be identified.  相似文献   

积水沉陷区水体的表观光学特性参数测量与分析     

朱继文  孟祥来  张贺 《地理空间信息》2011,9(3):6-8

通过实际测量试验区的积水沉陷区水深值,了解水体光学特性随水深不同而引起的衰减特征变化,建立水深与光谱特性响应间的关系表达式,确定获取水深信息的最佳波谱范围;揭示了叶绿素、悬浮物质、CDOM等水体组分与水体光谱特征变化的关系,探讨因水体各主要组分变化而引起的水体光谱吸收光谱、散射光谱的变化规律.  相似文献   

Brillouin scattering study on elastic and piezoelectric properties of laser irradiated ZnO single crystals     

刘洁  蒋毅坚 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(11)

Brillouin light scattering technique can be successfully used to determine the whole set of elastic and piezoelectric constants of a ZnO single crystal irradiated by different laser energy densities, into a micron range (radiation layer thickness). It is found that the scattering intensity, the linewidth and the Brillouin scattering shift of acoustic phonons are all strongly dependent on laser energy density. Based on the sound propagation equations and these results, the directional dependences of the compressional and shear moduli of the irradiated ZnO sample in the (001) plane are investigated. It is found that under an appropriate laser condition, 248 nm KrF excimer laser irradiation can significantly improve the surface quality and increase the elastic properties of ZnO single crystal. This procedure has potential applications in the fabrication of ZnO-based surface acoustic wave and optic-electronic devices.  相似文献   

Photoinduced Reductive Decomposition of Perflurooctanoic Acid in Water: Effect of Temperature and Ionic Strength          下载免费PDF全文

Chaojie Zhang  Yan Qu  Xiaoyun Zhao  Qi Zhou 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(2):223-228

  相似文献   

3. Solar System Formation and Early Evolution: the First 100 Million Years     

Thierry Montmerle  Jean-Charles Augereau  Marc Chaussidon  Mathieu Gounelle  Bernard Marty  Alessandro Morbidelli 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2006,98(1-4):39-95

The solar system, as we know it today, is about 4.5 billion years old. It is widely believed that it was essentially completed 100 million years after the formation of the Sun, which itself took less than 1 million years, although the exact chronology remains highly uncertain. For instance: which, of the giant planets or the terrestrial planets, formed first, and how? How did they acquire their mass? What was the early evolution of the “primitive solar nebula” (solar nebula for short)? What is its relation with the circumstellar disks that are ubiquitous around young low-mass stars today? Is it possible to define a “time zero” (t ₀), the epoch of the formation of the solar system? Is the solar system exceptional or common? This astronomical chapter focuses on the early stages, which determine in large part the subsequent evolution of the proto-solar system. This evolution is logarithmic, being very fast initially, then gradually slowing down. The chapter is thus divided in three parts: (1) The first million years: the stellar era. The dominant phase is the formation of the Sun in a stellar cluster, via accretion of material from a circumstellar disk, itself fed by a progressively vanishing circumstellar envelope. (2) The first 10 million years: the disk era. The dominant phase is the evolution and progressive disappearance of circumstellar disks around evolved young stars; planets will start to form at this stage. Important constraints on the solar nebula and on planet formation are drawn from the most primitive objects in the solar system, i.e., meteorites. (3) The first 100 million years: the “telluric” era. This phase is dominated by terrestrial (rocky) planet formation and differentiation, and the appearance of oceans and atmospheres.  相似文献   

紫外线诱导太平洋牡蛎雄核发育的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

袁媛  李琪  于瑞海  于红 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,35(1):29-32

为诱导太平洋牡蛎雄核发育单倍体 ,本文研究利用紫外线诱导太平洋牡蛎雄核发育的条件。结果表明 :在强度为2 .8mW·cm-2 ·s-1的紫外线 (2 5 4nm)下分别照射 0 ,10 ,15 ,2 0 ,2 5 ,3 0 ,3 5 ,40 ,5 0 ,60 ,70和 80s后 ,照射 3 0s的卵子能够保持较高的受精率 (73 .5 % ) ;该处理组的D形幼虫发生率为 0。染色体检查结果显示此时单倍体率最高 (4 7.8% )。证明在强度为2 .8mW·cm-2 ·s-1的紫外线下照射 3 0s是获得雄核发育单倍体的适宜条件。研究还表明受精率和D形幼虫发生率随照射时间的增加而下降 ,遗传失活的卵子与正常精子受精后其胚胎发育至D形幼虫前期停止。实验中各处理组均出现非整倍体。原因可能由于紫外线对卵子染色体遗传失活的作用程度不同以及光线对DNA的修复作用。  相似文献   

Reflection effect in close binaries. II. Distribution of emergent radiation from the irradiated component along the line of sight     

A. Peraiah 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1983,4(1):11-17

We have calculated the effects of irradiation from a point source observed at infinity. Plane-parallel approximation and spherically-symmetric approximations are employed in calculating the self-radiation field for the sake of comparison. It is found that there are considerable changes in the radiation received at infinity between the approximation of plane-parallel stratification and spherical symmetry.  相似文献   

Radiation-induced defects in quartz. III. Single-crystal EPR,ENDOR and ESEEM study of a peroxy radical     

Mark J. Nilges  Yuanming Pan  Rudolf I. Mashkovtsev 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2009,36(2):61-73

The X- and W-band single-crystal electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of an electron-irradiated natural quartz permit quantitative analysis of a ²⁹Si hyperfine structure (A ~12.6 MHz) and an ²⁷Al hyperfine structure (A ≤ 0.8 MHz) for a previously reported hole-like center. The ²⁹Si hyperfine structure arises from interaction with two equivalent Si atoms and is characterized by the direction of the unique A axis close to a Si–O bond direction. The ²⁷Al hyperfine structure, confirmed by pulsed electron nuclear double resonance and electron spin echo envelope modulation spectra, is characterized by the unique A axis approximately along a twofold symmetry axis. These ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al hyperfine data, together with published theoretical results on peroxy radicals in SiO₂ as well as our own density functional theory (DFT) calculations on model peroxy centers, suggest this hole-like center to have the unpaired spin on a pair of oxygen atoms linked to two symmetrically equivalent Si atoms and a substitutional Al³⁺ ion across the c-axis channel, a first peroxy radical in quartz. The nuclear quadrupole matrix P also suggests that the Al³⁺ ion corresponds closely to the diamagnetic precursor to the [AlO₄]⁰ center. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

新疆绿柱石宝石辐照致色机制的吸收光谱研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

康雷雅  王天雕 《矿物岩石》1991,11(2):27-30

本文对新疆阿尔泰天然淡蓝、浅蓝宝石级绿柱石辐照前后及退火处理伴随着颜色改变的吸收光谱等进行了分析讨论,认为天然淡蓝、浅蓝色绿柱石经~(60)Co-γ辐照变成黄绿色,其原因主要归因于遂道中Fe~(2-)向Fe~(3+)的转变和八面体中Fe~(3+)和配位体O~(2-)的电荷转移。  相似文献   

Neutron irradiation and post-irradiation annealing of rutile (TiO2−x ): effect on hydrogen incorporation and optical absorption     

Geoffrey David Bromiley  Andrei A. Shiryaev 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(6):426-434

Neutron irradiation and post-irradiation annealing under oxidising and reducing conditions have been used to investigate H incorporation in, and the optical properties of, reduced (TiO_2−x ) rutile. Optical absorption in rutile is mainly due to a Ti³⁺ Ti⁴⁺ intervalence charge transfer effect. The main mechanism for H incorporation in rutile involves interstitial H not coupled to other defects, which has important implications for the rate of H diffusion, and possibly also on the electrical properties of rutile. Additional minor OH absorption bands in IR spectra indicate that a small amount of interstitial H is coupled to defects such as Ti³⁺ on the main octahedral site, and indicates that more than one H incorporation mechanism may operate. Concentration of oxygen vacancies has a controlling influence on the H affinity of rutile.  相似文献